如今，各種計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯工具、翻譯耳機(jī)、翻譯應(yīng)用程序大行其道，讓不懂外語(yǔ)的旅行者和商務(wù)工作者感受到了方便快捷的翻譯服務(wù)。然而，計(jì)算機(jī)翻譯會(huì)完全取代人工翻譯嗎?看看英國(guó)廣播公司的報(bào)道怎么說(shuō)。

　　You X Ventures/unsplash

　　Put crottin de chèvre into Google Translate, and you'll be told it means goat dung.

　　在谷歌翻譯中輸入crottin de chevre，它會(huì)告訴你這個(gè)表達(dá)的意思是羊糞。

　　So if it appeared on a menu, you might pass. Alas, you would be ruling out a delicious cheese made of goat's milk that is often served as a starter in France.

　　所以如果這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)在菜單上，你可能會(huì)直接忽略?？上У氖?，你也許會(huì)因此錯(cuò)過(guò)一道美食。在法國(guó)，這個(gè)詞指的是用山羊奶做的美味奶酪，經(jīng)常被當(dāng)作開(kāi)胃菜。

　　starter：n.**道菜

　　Such misunderstandings are why Google admits that its free tool, used by about 500 million people, is not intended to replace human translators.

　　正是由于有這樣的誤譯，谷歌承認(rèn)這個(gè)大約有5億人使用的免費(fèi)工具并不打算取代人工翻譯。

　　Tourists might accept a few misunderstandings because the technology is cheap and convenient. But when the stakes are higher, perhaps in business, law or medicine, these services often fall short.

　　游客可能會(huì)接受一些誤譯，因?yàn)檫@種技術(shù)廉價(jià)又便捷。但在商業(yè)、法律或醫(yī)學(xué)等領(lǐng)域，當(dāng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)加大時(shí)，這些翻譯服務(wù)往往達(dá)不到要求。

　　"Using Google Translate can lead to some serious errors, especially when words have multiple meanings, which is often the case in fields such as law or engineering," says Samantha Langley, a former lawyer who is now a court-approved French-to-English legal translator based in Meribel, France.

　　“使用谷歌翻譯可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤，尤其是當(dāng)單詞有多種含義時(shí)，法律或工程等領(lǐng)域常有這種情況，”在法國(guó)梅里貝爾工作的薩曼莎·蘭利說(shuō)。她曾是一名律師，現(xiàn)在是法院認(rèn)可的法語(yǔ)-英語(yǔ)法律翻譯。

　　That is not to say professional translators do not use computer assisted translation (CAT) tools. More sophisticated applications can help them take the donkey work out of repetitive translations.

　　這并不是說(shuō)專(zhuān)業(yè)的翻譯人員不使用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯工具。一些更復(fù)雜的應(yīng)用程序可以幫助他們從重復(fù)單調(diào)的翻譯工作中解脫出來(lái)。

　　donkey work：艱苦單調(diào)而又無(wú)趣的工作

　　CATs are even used as part of modern language degree courses these days. So how good are they?

　　如今，現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)位課程甚至也在教授計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯工具的使用。那么它們的效果到底如何?

　　One of the most popular new tools is the so-called translation earpiece. Usually paired with a smartphone app, they pick up spoken foreign languages and translate them for the user.

　　其中一個(gè)**普遍使用的新工具就是是所謂的翻譯耳機(jī)，通常通過(guò)智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序操作。耳機(jī)會(huì)將聽(tīng)到的外語(yǔ)給用戶(hù)翻譯出來(lái)。

　　"It has taken decades of research to create a framework of algorithms designed to recognise patterns in the same way as the human brain - a neural network," says Andrew Ochoa, chief executive of US start-up Waverly Labs, which produces translation earpieces.

　　生產(chǎn)翻譯耳機(jī)的美國(guó)初創(chuàng)企業(yè)韋弗利實(shí)驗(yàn)室的首席執(zhí)行官安德魯?奧喬亞說(shuō)：“我們花了數(shù)十年的時(shí)間來(lái)研究，以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)算法框架，該框架旨在以與人類(lèi)大腦(神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò))相同的方式來(lái)識(shí)別模式?！?/p>

　　"Combining that with speech recognition technology has allowed us to make a huge leap forward in terms of accuracy."

　　“我們將其與語(yǔ)音識(shí)別技術(shù)相結(jié)合，大幅提升了準(zhǔn)確性?！?/p>

　　Brooke Cagle/unsplash

　　There's no doubt that CAT tools have taken some of the hard grind out of text translations like instruction manuals or questionnaires, says Milan-based Paola Grassi, a professional translator for Wordbank, a global marketing and translation agency.

　　在米蘭工作的保拉·格拉西是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)和翻譯機(jī)構(gòu)詞匯庫(kù)的專(zhuān)業(yè)翻譯。她說(shuō)，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯工具已經(jīng)接手了一些文本翻譯的繁瑣工作，比如說(shuō)明書(shū)或調(diào)查問(wèn)卷的翻譯。

　　"Survey contents are among the most repetitive ones and a good CAT tool can hugely speed up the process," she says.

　　“調(diào)查內(nèi)容是**重復(fù)的內(nèi)容之一，好的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯工具可以極大地加快翻譯過(guò)程，”她說(shuō)。

　　For meetings and conferences, wearable translators like Waverly's are undoubtedly popular. But even this new generation tech, which combines speech recognition neural networks and internet-based translation engines, has limitations.

　　對(duì)于會(huì)議來(lái)說(shuō)，像韋弗利實(shí)驗(yàn)室產(chǎn)品這樣的可穿戴式翻譯器無(wú)疑是很受歡迎的。但是，即使是這種結(jié)合了語(yǔ)音識(shí)別神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的翻譯引擎的新一代技術(shù)，也有局限性。

　　Users must wait at least a few seconds for a phrase to be translated, or more if the internet connection is poor.

　　用戶(hù)必須等待至少幾秒鐘才能翻譯出一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，如果網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接不好，時(shí)間會(huì)更久。

　　And computers still lack the subtlety of human communication.

　　此外，計(jì)算機(jī)仍然難以翻譯出人類(lèi)交流的微妙之處。

　　"Translation technology is undoubtedly a useful tool for certain content such as manuals," says Zoey Cooper, brand and content director at Wordbank.

　　詞匯庫(kù)的品牌和內(nèi)容主管佐伊?庫(kù)珀說(shuō)：“翻譯技術(shù)無(wú)疑是處理說(shuō)明書(shū)等內(nèi)容的有用工具?！?/p>

　　"But if you want to create a relationship with the reader, you need a human translator to make it sound natural and capture the sentiment, which often involves restructuring a sentence completely."

　　“但是，如果你想和讀者建立聯(lián)系，你需要人工翻譯，讓譯文聽(tīng)起來(lái)更自然，引起共鳴，這通常涉及到重新組織語(yǔ)句?！?/p>

　　"I believe CAT tools hinder creativity," says Antonio Navarro Gosálvez, an English-to-Spanish translator based in Alicante, Spain.

　　“我認(rèn)為計(jì)算機(jī)輔助翻譯工具會(huì)阻礙創(chuàng)造力，”安東尼奧·納瓦羅·戈薩韋茲說(shuō)，他是西班牙阿利坎特的一名英語(yǔ)-西語(yǔ)翻譯。

　　"If the tool shows you a partial translation match, I find it's actually harder to discard part of the sentence and rebuild it than to just create something from scratch."

　　“如果這個(gè)工具譯出了一部分語(yǔ)句，我發(fā)現(xiàn)舍棄部分語(yǔ)句并重新組織語(yǔ)言實(shí)際上比從頭開(kāi)始翻譯要困難得多。”

　　from scratch：從頭開(kāi)始

　　Mr Ochoa thinks this problem could be resolved within the next 10 years.

　　奧喬亞認(rèn)為，這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以在未來(lái)10年內(nèi)得到解決。

　　"When it comes to expressing emotion and intonation, we need sentiment analysis, which is not there yet but may well be in ten years time," he says.

　　他說(shuō)：“在表達(dá)情感和語(yǔ)調(diào)時(shí)，我們需要情感分析，雖然目前還無(wú)法做到，但十年內(nèi)很可能會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)?！?/p>

　　Foreign language skills are still in demand in the labour market.

　　勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)仍然需要外語(yǔ)技能。

　　In the UK about 15% of the jobs posted on recruitment website Reed ask for a foreign language.

　　在英國(guó)，招聘網(wǎng)站Reed上約15%的職位要求懂一門(mén)外語(yǔ)。

　　New research from the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages shows 75% of manufacturing companies need employees with diverse language skills.

　　美國(guó)外語(yǔ)教學(xué)委員會(huì)的**新研究顯示，75%的制造企業(yè)需要懂得多種語(yǔ)言的員工。

　　Yet languages have fallen out of favour in UK schools.

　　然而，語(yǔ)言在英國(guó)學(xué)校已失寵。

　　Recent BBC analysis revealed drops of up to 50% in foreign language learning in secondary schools since 2013.

　　英國(guó)廣播公司的**新分析顯示，自2013年以來(lái)，中學(xué)的外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)課程減少了50%。

　　The UK's Department for Education is taking measures to halt the decline.

　　英國(guó)教育部正在采取措施遏制這一趨勢(shì)。

　　"We are committed to ensuring more pupils are studying languages, which is why it is now compulsory in the national curriculum for all children between Years 3 and 9," it said.

　　英國(guó)教育部稱(chēng)：“我們致力于確保更多的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，因此按照課程要求，現(xiàn)在三年級(jí)至九年級(jí)的學(xué)生都必須學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。”

　　For Ms Cooper at least, speaking a foreign tongue remains a precious skill.

　　至少對(duì)庫(kù)珀來(lái)說(shuō)，懂一門(mén)外語(yǔ)仍然是一項(xiàng)寶貴的技能。

　　"There are still lots of opportunities for language graduates, both in specialist translation and global marketing," she said.

　　她說(shuō):“語(yǔ)言專(zhuān)業(yè)的畢業(yè)生仍有很多機(jī)會(huì)，無(wú)論是在專(zhuān)業(yè)翻譯還是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)方面?！?/p>

　　And even if you don't use your language professionally, it has other benefits.

　　即使你在專(zhuān)業(yè)工作中用不到，也有其他好處。

　　"How can you get to know a country and embrace the culture if you don't speak the language?" says Ms Cooper.

　　庫(kù)伯說(shuō)：“如果你不會(huì)說(shuō)一個(gè)國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言，你怎么能了解這個(gè)國(guó)家、接受這個(gè)國(guó)家的文化呢?”

　　"Even with the voice-activated apps available, you will still miss out."

　　“即使有聲控的應(yīng)用程序，你還是無(wú)法做到?！?/p>